Rectal endometriosis presenting as toxic megacolon

Background The bowel is the most common site of extragenital endometriosis, with involvement of the locoregional sigmoid colon and anterior rectum seen most often. The clinical presentation varies depending on how soon patients seek medical care, thus requiring changes in management strategies. Endometriosis can cause a life-threatening surgical emergency with progressive obliteration of the bowel lumen leading to obstruction and late complications including toxic megacolon and transmural necrosis. Case presentation We report the case of a 41-year-old woman presenting with an acute abdomen and complete large bowel obstruction complicated by sepsis and toxic megacolon. The patient underwent emergency total colectomy with ileostomy. Medical history was significant for chronic, vague, and episodic lower abdominal pain self-medicated with herbal tea and laxatives. Pathologic examination demonstrated colonic endometriosis within the bowel wall as the cause of obstruction, ischemia, and transmural necrosis. Conclusions Although a rare clinical entity, this case highlights two important points. First, it demonstrates the value of performing proper and complete clinical work up to rule out or in all possible causes of colonic obstruction, including intestinal endometriosis. Second, it suggests a potential benefit of a formalized multidisciplinary approach, including surgery, in the management of medically unresponsive endometriosis. In conclusion, this case shows that endometriosis can cause life-threatening colonic obstruction in women of childbearing age. Prompt early intervention is warranted, particularly when obstruction is only partial and ischemia has not supervened, to conceivably prevent the development of a toxic megacolon requiring colectomy and avoid late complications.

Tubular colonic duplication in an adult patient with long-standing history of constipation and tenesmus

Background Intestinal duplications are rare congenital developmental anomalies with an incidence of 0.005-0.025% of births. They are usually identified before 2 years of age and commonly affect the foregut or mid-/hindgut. However, it is very uncommon for these anomalies, to arise in the colon or present during adulthood. Case presentation Herein, we present a case of a 28-year-old woman with a long-standing history of constipation, tenesmus, and rectal prolapse. Colonoscopy results were normal. An abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed a diffusely mildly dilated redundant colon, which was prominently stool-filled. The gastrografin enema showed ahaustral mucosal appearance of the sigmoid and descending colon with findings suggestive of tricompartmental pelvic floor prolapse, moderate-size anterior rectocele, and grade 2 sigmoidocele. A laparoscopic exploration was performed, revealing a tubular duplicated colon at the sigmoid level. A sigmoid resection rectopexy was performed. Pathologic examination supported the diagnosis. At 1-month follow-up, the patient was doing well without constipation or rectal prolapse. Conclusions Tubular colonic duplications are very rare in adults but should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic constipation refractory to medical therapy. Due to the non-specific manifestations of this entity, it is rather challenging to make an accurate diagnosis pre-operatively. Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment. Some reports suggest that carcinomas are more prone to develop in colonic/rectal duplications than in other GI tract duplications.